Abrupt temperature fluctuations were recorded in the morning, suggesting that the atmosphere is warmed by the planet's surface, with heat convected upward in small eddies.Early morning water ice clouds were seen in the lower atmosphere.Observations suggested that these gusts are a mechanism for mixing dust into the atmosphere. Dust devils were seen and frequently measured by temperature, wind and pressure sensors.An active water cycle in the past may have leached out the iron from materials in the crust. Airborne dust is magnetic, and its characteristics suggest the magnetic mineral is maghemite, a very magnetic form of iron oxide, which may have been freeze-dried on the particles as a stain or cement.The measurements suggested that the radius of the planet's central metallic core is greater than 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) but less than roughly 1,250 miles (2,000 kilometers). Radio tracking of Mars Pathfinder provided a precise measure of the lander's location and Mars' pole of rotation.Rounded pebbles and cobbles at the landing site, and other observations, suggested conglomerates that formed in running water during a warmer past in which liquid water was stable.But when the Vikings return years later, the.

Atmospheric Structure Instrument/Meteorology Package: Measured the Martian atmosphere during Pathfinder's descent to the surface, and provided meteorological measurements at the lander. In the wake of a battle waged on North American soil between Norsemen and Native Americans, a young Viking boy (Karl Urban) is left behind and raised by the very tribe his kinfolk had so brutally and vehemently attacked.

Three Cameras: provided images of the surrounding terrain for geological studies, and documented the performance and operating environment for Pathfinder mission technologies.Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer: Determined the elemental composition of rocks and soils.The lander, formally named the Carl Sagan Memorial Station following its successful touchdown, and the rover, named Sojourner after American civil rights crusader Sojourner Truth, both outlived their design lives - the lander by nearly three times, and the rover by 12 times. This 1997 image from NASA's Mars Pathfinder shows a close up of Sojourner as it placed its Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) upon the surface of the rock 'Yogi.'

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